Tourism industry is one of the greatest and high-yielding economic activities with the highest added value. It affects directly and indirectly other social, economic and cultural activities.Developments of urbanization and life style in the modern times have made tourism planning and management an inevitable requirement. Tehran as one of the greatest cities in the country, region and in the world possesses various international tourism capacities; however, despite the large number of travels in the city, these capacities have remained unused. There is a mutual relationship between tourism development and establishment of infrastructures: tourism development in cities causes improvement of the infrastructures, and infrastructural developments improve urban tourism. The latter is able to change geographical bases of a tourism region and provide it with cultural, social, economic and spatial growth and development. Since, one of the most crucial problems of the tourism decision makers is accommodation, and since Tehran metropolitan is the first destination of foreign tourists and as the country's capital is the center for holding cultural and political events, this paper has considered Tehran’s accommodation centers situation, using an analytical-descriptive method. Instrument of the research consists of documentary and library studies. A comparative study was briefly conducted to compare tourism industry in Tehran and Istanbul. In addition, effective factors and criteria for tourism development planning were assessed. This paper would present some considerations, concerning the tourism requirements, with an emphasis on the current situation of the tourism infrastructures and specifically accommodation. The results of the study reveal that adopting appropriate policies for distribution of tourism facilities in different tourism centers may improve tourism industry in the country.

Nowadays, tourism is found more attractive as an economic source in countries with cultural and travel destination background. One of the most important factors in attraction of international and domestic tourists is the required tourism facilities. accommodation centers are more important destinations through mentioned facilities. Therefore, correct positioning of these centers can make an extension in tourism industry. In this study, Hamedan city was selected as a case study because of several tourist centers and one of the distinguished tourism hubs. Then, GIS was used to analyze the effective factors in positioning of tourist centers, and a layer was defined for each effective factor followed by weight determination for any created layer. Finally, all layers were analyzed and the results were merged using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and appropriate places for construction of accommodation centers were defined. Results were created in different degrees for Hamedan city, which means that regions with degree of 10 from 10 are the ones that have the most priority for constructing accommodation centers and vice versa.

The growth and development of tourism is an important phenomena in the latest of 20th centaury which is continuing with higher speed in the current century. In case of foreseen planning and developing, tourism is able to create direct and indirect economical, social, cultural, environmental and political profits and has a recognized share in the national development. accommodation centers especially hotels are considered as one of the important and main elements of tourism and their quality and quantity has a great impact on tourism development of an area. Shiraz city due to the enjoyment of various tourism, historical and natural attractions has a distinguished and distinct situation throughout the world. But it does not benefit in proportion with its potential. With respect to the importance of this subject, this paper has studied and analyzed the qualitative and spatial status of accommodation centers in Shiraz city. Type of research is developmental- institutional type and its study method is descriptive- analytical method. The statistical society of this research is the local and foreign tourists who were accommodated in Shiraz hotels in July 2011. The sample volume was calculated by Cocharan formula and was determined as 250 persons. The validity and reliability of questionnaire was measured from the view point of content and based on the view of professionals. Reliability of questionnaire was measured through Cronbach's alpha which had a desirable reliability (0.08). The data were analyzed by SPSS software and Chi Square model. The research findings show that optimizing the facilities and services of accommodation centers (hotels) causes the attraction and development of tourism in Shiraz city and there is a significant relation between the quality of hotels’ facilities and services with the amount of tourists’ satisfaction, also accommodation areas with respect to the recreational role and function of Shiraz has a suitable spatial distribution.

The purpose of this research is site selection of temporary accommodation centers in District 22 of Tehran with the help of effective criteria. These criteria are including Red Crescent, distance to bridge, distance to schools, distance to the main road, distance to the police station, distance to the gas source, distance to mosques, distance to food distribution centers, distance to metro lines, distance to Metro station, distance to health centers, distance to park and green space, distance to hospital, distance to fire stations, population density, earthquake risk, and slope. The novelty of this study is the use of an appropriate and sufficient combination of criteria for locating temporary accommodation sites. In this regard, the geographically weighted regression (GWR) method with two Gaussian and tri-cube kernels was used. This method is compatible with two unique properties of spatial data, namely spatial autocorrelation, and spatial non-stationarity. The values of R2 and RMSE obtained by the GWR method with tri-cube kernel were 0.9413 and 0.3470, respectively, which indicates the high compatibility of the tri-cube kernel with respect to the Gaussian kernel. The results also show that Chitgar Park and Azadi Sports Complex are some of the largest and most suitable areas for the construction of temporary shelters after the earthquake crisis in the case study.

accommodation anomalies are the spectrum of disorders, which affect monocular and binocular clear vision, particularly at a near distance. accommodation anomalies can be classified into three major categories: accommodation deficit, accommodation excess, and failure to alter accommodation. In this article, we will review categories of clinical characteristics, etiology, and treatment options.

Tourism is considered as a factor in urban competitiveness. Knowing the factors that improve urban competitiveness through tourism in national and international markets facilitates planning for the development of cities. One of the appropriate tools to create a dynamic and purposeful organization is to use new management patterns, especially comprehensive quality management. The goal of comprehensive quality management is to create transformation in the way of performance and organizational activities,Therefore, in order to properly understand the importance of comprehensive quality management and its effectiveness, a deep belief in its concepts, philosophy and also its principles should be created. The purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize effective factors in the implementation of comprehensive quality management in relation to tourism competitiveness using the DPSIR model in Tabriz accommodation centers. This is a descriptive-analytical research that was selected among 14 experts (professors and specialists in urban planning-management-hospitality) regarding the subject of the research through purposive sampling. First, the respondents were asked questions about the three prominent and famous principles of total quality management (Deming's fourteen principles-Sink theory-Rajabbeigi and Salimi's six principles) through questionnaires and interviews, and after collecting information, the DPSIR model was used, and then using From the intended method (the six principles of Rajabbeigi and Salimi) and its influential variables (commitment, customer satisfaction, realism, participation and cooperation, training, continuous improvement) were identified in relation to the competitiveness of urban tourism in the centers of Tabriz.

Background & Aim: Addiction to Substances has led to a decrease in productivity and inefficiency in psychological issues, including psychological well-being among drug users. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group cognitive hypnotherapy on psychological well-being in people referring to residential and semi-residential centers of addiction in Yasuj. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and control group. The statistical population consisted of all drug dependent patients referring to residential and semi-residential of addiction centers in Yasuj city. 40 patients were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The instrument used in this research was Rif's psychological well-being questionnaire. Group intervention of cognitive hypnotherapy was performed on the experimental group during 8 sessions of 90 minutes and once a week, but no intervention was taken on the control group. At the end of the intervention, both groups (experimental and control) were subjected to post-test. To analyze the collected data, covariance analysis was used. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the pre test of psychological well-being in the experimental group was 37. 87 ± 3. 42 and 39. 25 ± 2. 86 in the control group. Also, the mean and standard deviation of posttest psychological well-being score in the experimental group was 66. 45 ± 15. 61 and 39. 15 ± 2. 73 in the control group. The results showed that group cognitive hypnotherapy increased the psychological well-being of the experimental group in comparison with the control group at a significant level (p = 0. 001). Conclusion: Group cognitive hypnotherapy has been effective in improving psychological symptoms in patients with substance dependence in people who are referred to residential and semi-residential centers of addiction treatment. It has led to increased psychological well-being in drug-dependent patients.

Today, due to the growing population and urbanization, and by its nature, change in work and life patterns and distance from nature as a bed to provide comfort and peace of mind in modern life today, the need for recreation and travel more than ever. Has increased. Therefore, the development of accommodation and tourism centers is necessary and is important for the social and cultural life of cities. On the other hand, in designing these centers, paying attention to specific architectural approaches can affect their success rate in attracting tourists. Today, one of the most important topics in architecture is building design based on context. This field can have different dimensions such as climatic, historical, activity, cultural-social and. . . The contextoriented approach in architecture, in addition to linking the design and context, as well as better introducing the characteristics of the region, will lead to attracting more tourists. In this article, the aim is to present the principles of contextualism and its adaptation to the native architecture of Guilan in order to ultimately help attract tourists to the region. The research method is descriptive-research and after recognizing the relationship between accommodation and tourism centers and context-oriented architecture, the importance and advantage of constructing such centers with contextual approach is discussed. By knowing the principles of contextualism, they can be used in any region, according to climatic, cultural and social conditions. One of the most important results obtained from these studies is the study of the relationship between how to design tourism and accommodation centers and the extent of its impact on tourist attraction. It transmits cultures.